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Voice over LTE

IMS, WLAN Calling and Network Coupling

ExperTeach Networking Logo
IP-based telephony in LTE-based networks is referred to as Voice over LTE (VoLTE). Unlike in the earlier mobile networks, the service here is provided via an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). To be able to make calls over an LTE network, the processes over the IMS must be linked with those in the access network. It must be ensured that telephone calls, once established, are retained even if the mobile network coverage changes. Extensions such as WLAN call are to close any remaining gaps in coverage. Finally, VoLTE calls should also be possible across providers both as an interconnection call and by means of VoLTE roaming.

Course Contents

  • LTE network requirements
  • IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in mobile communications
  • Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
  • Handover procedures
  • Attach with registration
  • Detach and de-registration
  • Terminating Access Domain Selection (T-ADS)
  • Call Flows
  • Single Radio Voice Call Continuation (RVCC)
  • Rich Communication Suite (RCS)
  • PC and CS Interconnection
  • VoLTE Roaming
  • WLAN Call
  • Emergency Call
  • 5G and telephony

Print E-Book PDF Symbol You will receive the comprehensive documentation package of the ExperTeach Networking series – printed documentation, e-book, and personalized PDF! As online participant, you will receive the e-book and the personalized PDF.

Target Group

The course is aimed at network planners, technicians, consultants and product managers who are involved in the introduction, operation and coupling of LTE networks.

Knowledge Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of mobile networks and IP protocols as well as Voice over IP is desirable.
1 4G and 5G Access
1.1 4G: LTE and EPC
1.1.1 EPS Network Elements in an Overview
1.1.2 The LTE User Equipment
1.1.3 eNodeB Functions
1.1.4 The Evolved Packet Core
1.2 LTE Identities
1.2.1 User and User Equipment Identities
1.2.2 Location-related Identities
1.3 EPS Bearer & QoS
1.3.1 Default & Dedicated Bearer
1.3.2 Quality of Service (QoS)
1.4 EPS Interfaces & Protocols
1.4.1 S1 Interface
1.4.2 X2 Interface
1.4.3 GTP-based Interfaces
1.4.4 Diameter-based Interfaces
1.5 Attach with Default Bearer Setup
1.6 Dedicated Bearer Setup
1.7 De-Registration: Detach
1.7.1 UE-initiated Detach
1.7.2 MME-initiated Detach
1.7.3 HSS-initiated Detach
1.8 Handover (HO)
1.8.1 X2-based Handover
1.8.2 Inter-RAT HO to UTRAN
1.9 The 5G System 5GS
1.9.1 The 5G User Equipment 5G UE
1.9.2 Task Splitting between NG RAN & 5GC
1.9.3 5G Core Network 5GC
1.9.4 IMS & 5G
1.9.5 VoLTE and Network Slicing
1.9.6 VoLTE and Edge Computing
1.9.7 Service-Based Architecture and IMS
2 The IMS Architecture
2.1 The General Setup of the IMS
2.2 Control Functions
2.2.1 P-CSCF
2.2.2 I-CSCF
2.2.3 Serving CSCF
2.3 Application Server
2.4 Media Resource Function
2.5 Databases
2.5.1 The User Profile
2.5.2 Initial Filter Criteria
2.6 Gateways
2.6.1 Interworking with the PSTN
2.6.2 IMS AGW/Session Border Controller
2.7 Access-specific Extensions
2.8 Call Flows
2.8.1 IMS Registration
2.8.2 Identities in the IMS
2.8.3 Authentication
2.8.4 PS-to-PS Call (1)
2.8.5 PS-to-CS Call
3 VoLTE Telephony
3.1 EPS & IMS Overall Architecture
3.2 Registration Procedure
3.2.1 VoLTE UE Attach
3.2.2 VoLTE UE IMS Registration
3.3 Log-off Procedure
3.4 VoLTE Call Setup (Principle)
3.4.1 VoLTE Call Setup: The Calling End (1/2)
3.4.2 VoLTE Call Setup: The Called End
3.5 VoLTE Call Termination (Principle)
3.5.1 VoLTE Call Termination: The Initiating End
3.5.2 VoLTE Call Termination: The Receiving End
3.6 Circuit-Switched Fallback (CSFB)
3.6.1 Call Setup to the End Device (MTC)
3.6.2 Call Setup from the End Device (MOC)
3.7 SRVCC Variants
3.7.1 Enhanced Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
3.7.2 eSRVCC Procedure with ATCF
3.8 T-ADS
3.9 SMS and LTE
3.9.1 SMS over SGsAP
3.9.2 SMS over IP
3.10 RCS
3.10.1 MSRP
3.10.2 Capabilities of the End Devices
3.10.3 Feature Tags
3.10.4 Chatbots
4 Voice over WiFi
4.1 Non-3GPP Access
4.2 Selection of the Access Network
4.3 ANDSF
4.4 Registration Architecture
4.5 Trusted WLAN
4.5.1 EAP-SIM (1)
4.5.2 EAP-AKA (1)
4.5.3 Fast Re-Authentication
4.6 Untrusted WLAN
4.6.1 IPSec Tunnel from the UE
4.6.2 Call Setup
4.7 Voice over WiFi and QoS
4.8 Inter-RAT Handover
5 Payload Data
5.1 Voice Transport over IP
5.2 Digital Voice Transmission
5.2.1 Digitizing Voice
5.2.2 Voice Coding Procedures
5.3 High-quality Voice Codecs in Mobile Communications (AMR-WB & EVS)
5.3.1 Motivation for High-quality Voice Codecs
5.3.2 Overview: AMR-WB & EVS
5.3.3 AMR-WB
5.3.4 EVS
5.4 MOS—Comparison of Sound Quality
6 Network Coupling
6.1 IPX
6.1.1 Interconnection and QoS
6.1.2 Diameter Routing / Edge Agent
6.2 Roaming Scenarios
6.3 LTE Roaming Variants
6.3.1 Roaming: Attach
6.3.2 Local Breakout
6.4 Roaming: Home Routed
6.4.1 Home Routing: Call Flow
6.4.2 Emergency Call with National Roaming
6.5 Interconnection
6.5.1 Network Interconnecting Architecture
6.5.2 Inter-IMS Network-to-Network Interface
6.6 Transit
6.6.1 Interconnection in Detail
6.7 ENUM—Call Number Mapping and Detection
6.7.1 Address Structures
6.7.2 The ENUM Request in Detail
6.7.3 Number Porting in IMS
6.8 Interconnection According to AKNN
A List of Abbreviations

Classroom training

Do you prefer the classic training method? A course in one of our Training Centers, with a competent trainer and the direct exchange between all course participants? Then you should book one of our classroom training dates!

Hybrid training

Hybrid training means that online participants can additionally attend a classroom course. The dynamics of a real seminar are maintained, and the online participants are able to benefit from that. Online participants of a hybrid course use a collaboration platform, such as WebEx Training Center or Saba Meeting. To do this, a PC with browser and Internet access is required, as well as a headset and ideally a Web cam. In the seminar room, we use specially developed and customized audio- and video-technologies. This makes sure that the communication between all persons involved works in a convenient and fault-free way.

Online training

You wish to attend a course in online mode? We offer you online course dates for this course topic. To attend these seminars, you need to have a PC with Internet access (minimum data rate 1Mbps), a headset when working via VoIP and optionally a camera. For further information and technical recommendations, please refer to.

Tailor-made courses

You need a special course for your team? In addition to our standard offer, we will also support you in creating your customized courses, which precisely meet your individual demands. We will be glad to consult you and create an individual offer for you.
Request for customized courses
PDF SymbolYou can find the complete description of this course with dates and prices ready for download at as PDF.

IP-based telephony in LTE-based networks is referred to as Voice over LTE (VoLTE). Unlike in the earlier mobile networks, the service here is provided via an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). To be able to make calls over an LTE network, the processes over the IMS must be linked with those in the access network. It must be ensured that telephone calls, once established, are retained even if the mobile network coverage changes. Extensions such as WLAN call are to close any remaining gaps in coverage. Finally, VoLTE calls should also be possible across providers both as an interconnection call and by means of VoLTE roaming.

Course Contents

  • LTE network requirements
  • IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in mobile communications
  • Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
  • Handover procedures
  • Attach with registration
  • Detach and de-registration
  • Terminating Access Domain Selection (T-ADS)
  • Call Flows
  • Single Radio Voice Call Continuation (RVCC)
  • Rich Communication Suite (RCS)
  • PC and CS Interconnection
  • VoLTE Roaming
  • WLAN Call
  • Emergency Call
  • 5G and telephony

Print E-Book PDF Symbol You will receive the comprehensive documentation package of the ExperTeach Networking series – printed documentation, e-book, and personalized PDF! As online participant, you will receive the e-book and the personalized PDF.

Target Group

The course is aimed at network planners, technicians, consultants and product managers who are involved in the introduction, operation and coupling of LTE networks.

Knowledge Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of mobile networks and IP protocols as well as Voice over IP is desirable.

1 4G and 5G Access
1.1 4G: LTE and EPC
1.1.1 EPS Network Elements in an Overview
1.1.2 The LTE User Equipment
1.1.3 eNodeB Functions
1.1.4 The Evolved Packet Core
1.2 LTE Identities
1.2.1 User and User Equipment Identities
1.2.2 Location-related Identities
1.3 EPS Bearer & QoS
1.3.1 Default & Dedicated Bearer
1.3.2 Quality of Service (QoS)
1.4 EPS Interfaces & Protocols
1.4.1 S1 Interface
1.4.2 X2 Interface
1.4.3 GTP-based Interfaces
1.4.4 Diameter-based Interfaces
1.5 Attach with Default Bearer Setup
1.6 Dedicated Bearer Setup
1.7 De-Registration: Detach
1.7.1 UE-initiated Detach
1.7.2 MME-initiated Detach
1.7.3 HSS-initiated Detach
1.8 Handover (HO)
1.8.1 X2-based Handover
1.8.2 Inter-RAT HO to UTRAN
1.9 The 5G System 5GS
1.9.1 The 5G User Equipment 5G UE
1.9.2 Task Splitting between NG RAN & 5GC
1.9.3 5G Core Network 5GC
1.9.4 IMS & 5G
1.9.5 VoLTE and Network Slicing
1.9.6 VoLTE and Edge Computing
1.9.7 Service-Based Architecture and IMS
2 The IMS Architecture
2.1 The General Setup of the IMS
2.2 Control Functions
2.2.1 P-CSCF
2.2.2 I-CSCF
2.2.3 Serving CSCF
2.3 Application Server
2.4 Media Resource Function
2.5 Databases
2.5.1 The User Profile
2.5.2 Initial Filter Criteria
2.6 Gateways
2.6.1 Interworking with the PSTN
2.6.2 IMS AGW/Session Border Controller
2.7 Access-specific Extensions
2.8 Call Flows
2.8.1 IMS Registration
2.8.2 Identities in the IMS
2.8.3 Authentication
2.8.4 PS-to-PS Call (1)
2.8.5 PS-to-CS Call
3 VoLTE Telephony
3.1 EPS & IMS Overall Architecture
3.2 Registration Procedure
3.2.1 VoLTE UE Attach
3.2.2 VoLTE UE IMS Registration
3.3 Log-off Procedure
3.4 VoLTE Call Setup (Principle)
3.4.1 VoLTE Call Setup: The Calling End (1/2)
3.4.2 VoLTE Call Setup: The Called End
3.5 VoLTE Call Termination (Principle)
3.5.1 VoLTE Call Termination: The Initiating End
3.5.2 VoLTE Call Termination: The Receiving End
3.6 Circuit-Switched Fallback (CSFB)
3.6.1 Call Setup to the End Device (MTC)
3.6.2 Call Setup from the End Device (MOC)
3.7 SRVCC Variants
3.7.1 Enhanced Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
3.7.2 eSRVCC Procedure with ATCF
3.8 T-ADS
3.9 SMS and LTE
3.9.1 SMS over SGsAP
3.9.2 SMS over IP
3.10 RCS
3.10.1 MSRP
3.10.2 Capabilities of the End Devices
3.10.3 Feature Tags
3.10.4 Chatbots
4 Voice over WiFi
4.1 Non-3GPP Access
4.2 Selection of the Access Network
4.3 ANDSF
4.4 Registration Architecture
4.5 Trusted WLAN
4.5.1 EAP-SIM (1)
4.5.2 EAP-AKA (1)
4.5.3 Fast Re-Authentication
4.6 Untrusted WLAN
4.6.1 IPSec Tunnel from the UE
4.6.2 Call Setup
4.7 Voice over WiFi and QoS
4.8 Inter-RAT Handover
5 Payload Data
5.1 Voice Transport over IP
5.2 Digital Voice Transmission
5.2.1 Digitizing Voice
5.2.2 Voice Coding Procedures
5.3 High-quality Voice Codecs in Mobile Communications (AMR-WB & EVS)
5.3.1 Motivation for High-quality Voice Codecs
5.3.2 Overview: AMR-WB & EVS
5.3.3 AMR-WB
5.3.4 EVS
5.4 MOS—Comparison of Sound Quality
6 Network Coupling
6.1 IPX
6.1.1 Interconnection and QoS
6.1.2 Diameter Routing / Edge Agent
6.2 Roaming Scenarios
6.3 LTE Roaming Variants
6.3.1 Roaming: Attach
6.3.2 Local Breakout
6.4 Roaming: Home Routed
6.4.1 Home Routing: Call Flow
6.4.2 Emergency Call with National Roaming
6.5 Interconnection
6.5.1 Network Interconnecting Architecture
6.5.2 Inter-IMS Network-to-Network Interface
6.6 Transit
6.6.1 Interconnection in Detail
6.7 ENUM—Call Number Mapping and Detection
6.7.1 Address Structures
6.7.2 The ENUM Request in Detail
6.7.3 Number Porting in IMS
6.8 Interconnection According to AKNN
A List of Abbreviations

Classroom training

Do you prefer the classic training method? A course in one of our Training Centers, with a competent trainer and the direct exchange between all course participants? Then you should book one of our classroom training dates!

Hybrid training

Hybrid training means that online participants can additionally attend a classroom course. The dynamics of a real seminar are maintained, and the online participants are able to benefit from that. Online participants of a hybrid course use a collaboration platform, such as WebEx Training Center or Saba Meeting. To do this, a PC with browser and Internet access is required, as well as a headset and ideally a Web cam. In the seminar room, we use specially developed and customized audio- and video-technologies. This makes sure that the communication between all persons involved works in a convenient and fault-free way.

Online training

You wish to attend a course in online mode? We offer you online course dates for this course topic. To attend these seminars, you need to have a PC with Internet access (minimum data rate 1Mbps), a headset when working via VoIP and optionally a camera. For further information and technical recommendations, please refer to.

Tailor-made courses

You need a special course for your team? In addition to our standard offer, we will also support you in creating your customized courses, which precisely meet your individual demands. We will be glad to consult you and create an individual offer for you.
Request for customized courses

PDF SymbolYou can find the complete description of this course with dates and prices ready for download at as PDF.