Linux for Advanced Learners

The Linux Toolbox

The central tool for every Linux administrator is the shell. It is the ubiquitous command input line that works even when there is no graphical user interface. It also offers the most powerful command set in graphical environments. However, Linux newcomers in particular only use the potential of the shell to a limited extent. For example, procedures that always run in the same way can be combined into a simple script in no time at all. Starting with very simple examples, you will get a sound introduction to how you can create simple solutions yourself, e.g. to query system information from the running machine, and develop flexible scripts.

What cannot be retrieved from the machine can be passed into the scripts by the user using various methods. A powerful language syntax makes the shell a very interesting environment for system programming. Whether it is about evaluating states or the content of variables, whether processes are to be repeated in loops - the shell can keep up with any common scripting language. It is available on every Linux system without being dependent on version numbers to the same extent as the highly acclaimed market leaders. This is why Shell is still the most popular tool for full-blown hackers.

Because many Linux systems are now also graphical desktop systems, this course also provides a comprehensive overview of shell scripting with graphical front-ends. This part is optional for a three-day course, which definitely needs to cover the basics of shell scripting, and is dependent on the rest of the course progression.

The course, together with Linux Administration II, prepares you for the LPI 102 exam.

Course Contents

General information about shells
From command to executable script
Variables
What variables are currently available?
What can you do with them?
System variables
Creating variables
Automatic variables
Scope of variables
How do variables get into the script?
Declare
Transfer
Read
Query values from the system
What don't you need to program?
Dynamic directories and their treasures
Parsing program output
Shell programming logic
Tests and error levels
If-then-else
Single-line ifs
case
Accelerators: Loops
for
while/until
Getting out of loops
Shell functions
Declaring functions
Local variables
Swapping shell libraries
Arrays
Arrays and lists
Declaration and use
Interaction with shell scripts
Dialog
Whiptail
Graphical dialogs
kdialog
zenity and yad
Regular expressions
Overview
Curly braces
Character classes
The crowbar: grep
Other tools/facilitators
sed
awk
Scripting into the network with ssh
Remote login and remote administration
Mass administration of computers

Target Group

This course is suitable for you if you want to make your work on the Linux system more efficient and sustainable.

This course is only partially a programming course. Programming here is a means by which we achieve system administration goals.

Knowledge Prerequisites

Participants should have a solid knowledge of Linux at the level of the LPI 101 exam, as can be acquired in the courses Linux Fundamentals and Linux Administration I.

General networking basics are recommended.

Programming knowledge is generally not required for this course. Although the syntax of the command line interpreter allows programming, many people believe that it is not a fully-fledged programming language. While this course targets a problem, you will learn the tools of the shell - yes-no queries, conditionals or multiple case distinctions - in an easy and understandable way.

1 Allgemeines über Shells

1.1 Shells und Shellskripte

1.2 Shelltypen

1.3 Die Bourne-Again-Shell

1.3.1 Das Wichtigste

1.3.2 Login-Shells und interaktive Shells

1.3.3 Dauerhafte Konfigurationsänderungen

1.3.4 Tastatur-Belegung und Abkürzungen

2 Shellskripte

2.1 Einleitung

2.2 Aufruf von Shellskripten

2.3 Aufbau von Shellskripten

2.4 Shellskripte planen

2.5 Fehlertypen

2.6 Fehlererkennung

3 Die Shell als Programmiersprache

3.1 Variable

3.2 Arithmetische Ausdrücke

3.3 Bearbeitung von Kommandos

3.4 Kontrollstrukturen

3.4.1 Überblick

3.4.2 Der Rückgabewert von Programmen als Steuergröße

3.4.3 Alternativen, Bedingungen und Fallunterscheidungen

3.4.4 Schleifen

3.4.5 Schleifenunterbrechung

3.5 Shellfunktionen

3.6 Das Kommando exec

4 Praktische Shellskripte

4.1 Shellprogrammierung in der Praxis

4.2 Rund um die Benutzerdatenbank

4.3 Dateioperationen

4.4 Protokolldateien

4.5 Systemadministration

5 Interaktive Shellskripte

5.1 Einleitung

5.2 Das Kommando read

5.3 Menüauswahl mit select

5.4 »Grafische« Oberflächen mit dialog

6 Der Stromeditor sed

6.1 Einsatzgebiete

6.2 Adressierung

6.3 sed-Anweisungen

6.3.1 Ausgeben und Löschen von Zeilen

6.3.2 Einfügen und Verändern

6.3.3 Zeichen-Transformationen

6.3.4 Suchen und Ersetzen

6.4 sed in der Praxis

7 Die awk-Programmiersprache

7.1 Was ist awk?

7.2 awk-Programme

7.3 Ausdrücke und Variable

7.4 awk in der Praxis

8 SQL

8.1 Warum SQL?

8.1.1 Überblick

8.1.2 SQL einsetzen

8.2 Tabellen definieren

8.3 Datenmanipulation und Abfragen

8.4 Relationen

8.5 Praktische Beispiele

9 Zeitgesteuerte Vorgänge – at und cron

9.1 Allgemeines 9.2 Einmalige Ausführung von Kommandos

9.2.1 at und batch

9.2.2 at-Hilfsprogramme

9.2.3 Zugangskontrolle

9.3 Wiederholte Ausführung von Kommandos

9.3.1 Aufgabenlisten für Benutzer

9.3.2 Systemweite Aufgabenlisten

9.3.3 Zugangskontrolle

9.3.4 Das Kommando crontab

9.3.5 Anacron

10 Lokalisierung und Internationalisierung

10.1 Überblick

10.2 Zeichencodierungen

10.3 Spracheneinstellung unter Linux

10.4 Lokalisierungs-Einstellungen

10.5 Zeitzonen

11 Die Grafikoberfläche X11

11.1 Grundlagen

11.2 X11 konfigurieren

11.3 Displaymanager

11.3.1 Grundlegendes zum Starten von X

11.3.2 Der Displaymanager LightDM

11.3.3 Andere Displaymanager

11.4 Informationen anzeigen

11.5 Der Schriftenserver

11.6 Fernzugriff und Zugriffskontrolle

12 Linux für Behinderte

12.1 Einführung

12.2 Tastatur, Maus und Joystick

12.3 Die Bildschirmdarstellung

A Musterlösungen

B Reguläre Ausdrücke

B.1 Überblick

B.2 Extras

C LPIC-1-Zertifizierung

C.1 Überblick

C.2 Prüfung LPI-102

C.3 LPI-Prüfungsziele in dieser Schulungsunterlage

D Kommando-Index

Index

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